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Construction Project Management: A Case Study on Bridge Building

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Part A

Activity 1

Summary of Enterprise Environment

The case study is based on an Australian construction company. It has been operating in the Melbourne area for 10 years. The company is active in both small and large construction. However, construction has a large impact on the environment, and the technology used in construction can be a countermeasure to the environment. In addition, analysing the company's environment along with planning will result in the creation of appropriate policies and improved performance. In project management, internal or external environmental factors can affect project success. Environmental impacts at every stage of construction are common and can have negative long-term impacts (Parsamehr et al. 2022). The political, economic, and social environments are variables that fall under the external environment. External environmental elements are those that impact the success of building projects and are often beyond the management team's control.

EEF encompasses things that are often out of one's control, such as culture, the weather, laws and regulations, the political climate, market circumstances, etc., (Duan, 2021). Construction projects are responsible for all energy consumption. One of the key benefits of enterprise software is that they boost overall corporate productivity. It's due to streamlined information workflow, automated procedures, data storage, and standardisation, as well as an easier IT infrastructure. A major problem when constructing buildings is emissions from energy consumption. As businesses transition from these residential customers to large commercial customers, planning is critical to a successful transition as well as creating sufficient market share to succeed and maintain their position in a highly competitive market. Australian Construction was granted a proposal to construct a bridge in Pakenham that would span a canal. The distance across this bridge, which joins a country road, is about 50 metres. After collecting proposals, the local council authorised the project. Beginning in May 2022, the project must be completed even by end of July, 2022. Committee wants to follow each level's progress and follow up every week. Project managers need to be aware of the business environment, as only factors can improve or limit options for project management. It affects the success of the project for better or worse.

Activity 2

Identify the project in hand and resources details

Project in hand refers to a person who holds the responsibility of the project and on which the success of the project entirely depends. Currently, the Australian Construction Company receives a project for the construction of the bridge that will take place over a canal in Pakenham in hand. For the construction of the bridge, the Local council gives the permission for the project with the process of bidding (Xu et al. 2022). For the construction the initial stage is the proper planning will determine the strength of the project and its percentage of the success. Constriction of a project is not easier, it requires stakeholders and other resources. Large investment is required for the project to be conducted. However, for the current project to take place, it requires 6 scaffolders, 10 Mansons, 8 road workers, 6 scaffolders, and 4 plumbers (Rudeli et al. 2018). They all will be working under the four supervisors. Supervisors must ensure the progress of the work and its efficiency. Along with the, the two civil engineers will also be assigned for the designing and structuring of the bridge according to the council specifications (Chen and Pan, 2021). For the project management, Steve will be assigned as the project manager. He is responsible for the planning and delivering the project on time and within the budget. Moreover, they will also have the responsibility to organise logistics, and should track spending.

Activity 3

Stakeholder register

Stakeholder

Category

Stakeholder analysis

Role or job title

Address

Organisation/Name of the person/s

Internal or external

E.g., Key player with high influence/interest

Steve

Internal

Project planning and monitoring the work

Project Manager

 xyz

 Government

 External

Granting the project by the process of bidding

 Sanction for the project

 xyz

Harvey and Ricky

Internal

Designing the bridge

Civil engineer

 xyz

 Australian Concrete Pty Ltd

 External

Supplying the concrete to the Australian company for constructing the bridge

Concrete suppliers

 xyz

 Electricians

 Internal

Improvement in the electrical equipment’s

Installation and control system

 xyz

Stakeholder management plan

Stakeholder

Internal/ external

Influence

High

Low

Interest

High

Low

Power

High

Low

Stakeholder management strategy

Steve

Internal

 High

 High

 High

Flow of communicating with the team members, and observing the workflow of the project.

 Government

 External

 High

 High

 High

They will oversee the progress in different stages of the project and will also monitor the work on a weekly basis.

Harvey and Ricky

Internal

 High

 High

 Low

Based on the requirement of the council specification, they will design the bridge.

 Australian Concrete Pty Ltd

 External

 High

 Low

 Low

The supplier offered a discount from 5% to 7%.

Stakeholder communication plan template

Stakeholder

Internal/ external

Information required

Communication method

Timeline

Responsible person

Suppliers

 External

Information regarding price, payment terms, materials quality.

 Verbal communication

2 days

Australian Concrete Pty Ltd

Design team

 Internal

Proper designing of the bridge

Verbal and Visual communication

8 days

Harvey and Ricky

Supervisor

 Internal

Needs proper’s information about the project planning along with the deadline of the project completion

Verbal communication and listening to the team members

Each day at the day end till the completion of the project

Nickola

Marketing manager

 Internal

Needs all information regarding the construction of the bridge so that they could be able to show the efficiency and deliver the of the project

 Advertising and directing marketing

 5 days

Alexis Bowen

Activity 4

Risk Management Register

Identified Risk

Likelihood of Occurring

Severity in event that it occurs

Risk Priority

Risk Mitigation actions

 Issues of the cash flow

Clients being dishonest, disputes at the time of project delivery

Late debt repayments, low profits, unexpected expenses

High

Collaborating with the clients, and providing proper training to the team,

 Delay of the work

Incorrect schedule for the construction, clients delay, accidents on the site

It takes place because of the change ein the scope of the project

Medium

 Setting up the goals, team meeting, tracking the workflow

 Money losing projects

Failure at the time of consulting the subcontractors

Productivity being poor, paying extra amount to the subcontractors

 High

Having proper knowledge of the resources and analysing them, debt management measures

 Poor quality of the work

Due to the lack of protection, electrocutions

Using inferior quality materials, or costing

High

 Correct use of materials, regular monitoring, avoiding the scope creep

 Structural failure

Poor planning, errors at the time of construction of the bridge

Defective design, overloading, collapsing, shortage of the skilled labour

 High

 Proper designing of the structure, skilled labour, proper management

Activity 5

Project management plan

Business justification for the project

Bridge construction is done to connect a rural road (Pesotskaya et al. 2019). The length for connecting the road is 50 metres.

List of requirements including stakeholder needs

For constructing a bridge it requires a number of resources including a variety of stakeholders for different departments, financial resources, and raw materials (Li and Liu, 2019). The stakeholders will help to complete the project on time and deliver a superior quality.

Project goals and objectives

Constructing a bridge above “canal in Pakenham”

Project scope

There are lots of possibilities of connection of the new rail and road section (Machado and Vilela, 2020). It will improve the communication and business section of the particular system

List of deliverables and estimated due dates

1.5.22-30.7.22

Detailed project schedule

1.5.22-10.5.22 Foundation trench and substructure(Deep foundation, pile foundation of 20m)

13.5.22-23.6.22 construction of superstructure (pire and column pire construction of diameter 25 ft each total 26 nos)

13.5.22-30.6.22 superstructure construction of precast girder each length 100m. Total 50 m construction

1.7.22-30.7.22 Retaining wall road finishing and construction of side railing

Risk assessment and management plan

Various types of safety measurement needs to be implemented (Zeng et al. 2021). Engaging safety experts and many systems. Through review of the work and continuous checking the safety instruments. Monitoring the machinery part.

Defined roles and responsibilities

Project manager(George Brown, Steve Aby, Naval Rauf)- Supervision and monitoring the overall construction project

Project Engineer(Max Wright)- supervision of the construction and technical issues

Design engineer(Harvey, Ricky,)- Structural designing of the construction system

Site Engineer(Dorran, Michelle,Burke, Stuart)- Site supervision of the particular progress of the job.

Foreman(Dom, Rodd, Frank, Ben,)- Maintenance and supervision of the materials

Supervisor(Call, Jarrad, Steve, Terry White, Nickola)-Supervision of the job of particular system and overview of the workers

Site Inspector(Tran, Bob, Kim)- Inspection of the safety measurement

Resource allocation for the project

Coarse aggregate , fine aggregate, cement, Steel, Formwork steel, keels, wood, ply, Cement Block, water, Electricity, and construction machinery, paints, electric system .

Stakeholder communication plan.

Continuous and daily basis work updated to project manager, construction communication between engineers and foreman (Jackson, 2020). Safety communication to every worker.

Part B

Activity 6

Identify contracts requirements and develop a plan to negotiate contracts

The external environment includes factors including the political, economic, as well as social contexts. Contract discussions include much more than just reaching an agreement. By negotiating contracts, you have the opportunity to improve the financial ties between the parties, close gaps in the supply chain, and protect your business from harm. All parties will evaluate their roles, the benefits they stand to gain from the contract, and any risks they are willing to take even during the contract negotiation process (Zhang et al. 2019). All parties should be at ease with the contract's specifics after contract negotiations, according to the objective. The site of the structure is its most crucial component. For the design of the bridge's construction, the site needs to be extremely precisely determined. The negotiation is the second component. The manager has conducted a thorough study and has located the supplier (Australian Concrete Pty Ltd) that delivers this concrete construction to the required standards for $28,500 per concrete building. This service has provided the opportunity to haggle over the price, with the knowledge that they may provide a 5%–7% reduction. Amount bids for the project total $4,000,000. Total projected costs for the construction are $2,980,000. Australian construction received a quote of $3.150,000 from Australian construction subcontractors DCD Melbourne Construction. Negotiation is the key to getting things done at work, resolving conflicts, and enhancing contracts. When conflicts arise in both personal and professional relationships, it is simple to avoid conflict in an effort to keep the relationship between the individuals strong (Yang et al. 2021). The three components of the what (problems), why (positions), how and (interests) are involved in every negotiation. They offer a foundational framework from which your approach will develop. Negotiating preparation is a crucial first stage in the negotiation process, despite how easy it is to ignore. As a means to get ready, study all aspects of the debate, make note of just about any future trade, and select your favourite and least favoured outcomes.

The steps for negotiation includes:

  1. Recognize the purpose of the agreement: Every contract has an overarching objective. It's critical to understand the purpose of the contract and how each party expects to gain from it, whether that's to safeguard your proprietary information or to combine your business with another (Tayeh et al. 2019). The contract's terms and the negotiating process will be guided by the objective.
  2. Preparing for the questions: Despite the fact that one might reach an agreement that one finds favourable, it's equally crucial to be aware of any issues or worries that other parties could have (Kolari? et al. 2018). This can assist the negotiating process move a bit more quickly and smoothly while also building some trust between you and the other party in the business connection.
  3. Looking up the relevant laws: Based on the conditions of the agreement or whether they are conducting business with a person in a different state, you might need to look out relevant federal, state, and possibly even local laws (Liu et al. 2019). The company can make sure you get everything covered by learning about the laws that can relate to the contract.
  4. Become familiar with contract laws: Contract law is different in every state. These rules specify what is and is not permissible in a contract in addition to what a party may be entitled to in the event that the other party defaults on the contract.
  5. Assess risks: They can evaluate the likelihood of a negotiation result using a risk matrix graphic (Huang, 2018). That will assist you in finding any concealed threats that you might not have thought about. They can predict how the other negotiator will act or react to various offers and counteroffers depending on just what you know about him.

Activity 7

Resource procurement plan

Project Type

Required resources

Quantity

When required

Procurement strategy

 Machine

 Track excavators

 2

 Onsite

 Secure storage onsite and availability

 Person

 Administrators

 1

 Offsite

 No Scheduler required

 Person

 Bricklayers

 3

 Onsite

 Assume local Availability

 machine

 Forklift

 1

 Hire

 Secure Storage onsite and availability

 Software

 Project Management Application

 2

 SaaS

 Licence max

Person

Construction Manager

1

Staff

CSCS needed

Activity 8

Email format

To: Australian construction company

CC: Project Manager and Supervisor

BCC: Project Manager and Supervisor

From: DCD Melbourne construction

Subject: Undertaking the construction project sub-contract

Salutation

Respected sir,

Message

It is to inform them that they will be given $3.150,000 for undertaking the construction project subcontractor.

Regards,

Thanking you,

DCD Melbourne construction

Sender Name: DCD Melbourne construction

Part C

Activity 9

Role play 1

Feedback register

Date of Feedback

Feedback source/ Feedback provider

Which channel of communication was feedback left – e.g., Feedback form, phone, email, web review etc.

Feedback

Actions to be taken and resolutions to be made

Timeline for actions

 15.05.2022

 Site Manager

 Email

 Ground cleaning is not done properly

 Applicable measures to be taken to clear the site as soon as possible.

 20.05.2022

 30.05.2022

 Project Manager

 Feedback form

 Vertical structure are not made in proper manner

 The vertical structure must be lined properly with the help of foremen

05.06.2022

 05.06.2022

 Civil Engineer

 Email

 Layering of the horizontal structure is inaccurate

 The technical team must handover the measurement of the horizontal structure to the civil engineer

10.06.2022

 25.06.2022

 Foremen

 Web server

 Slide layering measurements are not accurate

 The measurement must be taken properly

30.06.2022

 01.07.2022

 Chief Engineer

 Email

 Carpeting and line marking are having major issues.

They must look into the maintenance of the construction of the bridge

 06.07.2022

Consultation meeting notes template

Consultation objective

Consultation method

Information discussed

Note of outcomes of consultation

Planning of the construction plane

Conferences

The agreement of the plan for developing the construction (Prayogo et al. 2020).

The outcomes of the construction should have the satisfaction of Melbourne citizens.

Consultation documentation table

Organisation Name

Australian Construction

Consultation Officer Name

James William

Date of consultation

1 May to 15 May 2022

Consultation topic

Construction of Melbourne Area

Objective of consultation

Consulted Stakeholder

Information received from stakeholder

Responses to consultation feedback received

Target

  1. Investors
  2. Employees
  3. Communities

In this topic stakeholders are informed about the communication among the employees.

The stakeholders send feedback to the managers, masons, and supervisors who are involved in the construction project.

Post decision

  1. Customers
  2. Suppliers

Informed about the project progress.

It also sends feedback about the project progress (Iyer, 2018).

Confidential Documents

  1. Government
  2. Association of trade

The stakeholders are also informed about the materials which are used in the construction.

The Stakeholders also send feedback on the condition of the construction.

Activity 10

Role Play 2

Organisation Name

Australian Construction

Consultation Officer Name

John Burt

Date of consultation

5 June 2022

Objective of consultation

Consulted Stakeholder

Information received from stakeholder

Responses to consultation feedback received

The objective of a general manager is manage all construction work

The general manager consulted from the stakeholder information about the project.

The stakeholder sends the information to the general manager about the project project (Pan et al. 2018).

General manager received feedback from the stakeholder of the project.

Feedback register

Date of Feedback

Feedback source/ Feedback provider

Which channel of communication was feedback left – e.g., Feedback form, phone, email, web review etc.

Feedback

Actions to be taken and resolutions to be made

Timeline for actions

30 July 2022

The feedback is provided by the HR manager.

By email, text messages or any other communication path.

Good

Give motivation to the employee.

One day after the completion of the project.

Consultation meeting notes

Consultation objective

Consultation method

Information discussed

Note of outcomes of consultation

Planning of the meeting for consulting regarding the project

Conferences

The approval of the construction's development plan (Corneli et al. 2021).

The residents of Melbourne should be happy with the construction's results.

Consultation documentation table

Organisation Name

Australian Construction

Consultation Officer Name

Tony Grant

Date of consultation

7 June 2022

Objective of consultation

Consulted Stakeholder

Information received from stakeholder

Responses to consultation feedback received

The objective of an Accountant is to have all the information of the costing and expenditure.

The Accountant

Consulted from the stakeholder information about the project (Webber and Ruge, 2019).

The stakeholder sends the information to the accountant about the project project.

Accountant

Received feedback from the stakeholder of the project.

Organisation Name

Australian Construction

Consultation Officer Name

Tony Grant

Date of consultation

7 June 2022

References

Journals

  • Chen, L. and Pan, W., 2021. Review fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making in construction management using a network approach. Applied soft computing102, p.107103.
  • Corneli, A., Naticchia, B., Spegni, F. and Spalazzi, L., 2021, July. Combining blockchain and BPMN coreographies for construction management. In EC3 Conference 2021 (Vol. 2, pp. 34-41). ETH.
  • Duan, R., 2021. Research on the efficiency path of civil construction management engineering based on BIM technology. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 643, No. 1, p. 012019). IOP Publishing.
  • Huang, Y., 2018. A review of approaches and challenges of BIM education in construction management. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture12(6), pp.401-7.
  • Iyer, V.G., 2018, June. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Process towards Sustainable Construction Management Development for the Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering Construction Industries-Business excellence achievements. In 2018 3rd International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 2018) (pp. 87-96). Atlantis Press.
  • Jackson, B.J., 2020. Construction management JumpStart: the best first step toward a career in construction management. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Kolari?, S., Mandi?ák, T., Vukomanovi?, M. and Mesároš, P., 2018. BIM training in construction management educational practices in Croatia and Slovakia. In Creative Construction Conference 2018 (pp. 1002-1009). Budapest University of Technology and Economics.
  • Li, Y. and Liu, C., 2019. Applications of multirotor drone technologies in construction management. International Journal of Construction Management19(5), pp.401-412.
  • Liu, Z., Zhang, C., Guo, Y., Osmani, M. and Demian, P., 2019. A Building Information Modelling (BIM) based Water Efficiency (BWe) framework for sustainable building design and construction management. Electronics8(6), p.599.
  • Machado, R.L. and Vilela, C., 2020. Conceptual framework for integrating BIM and augmented reality in construction management. Journal of civil engineering and management26(1), pp.83-94.
  • Pan, W., Ilhan, B. and Bock, T., 2018. Process information modelling (PIM) concept for on-site construction management: Hong Kong case. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture49(2), pp.165-175.
  • Parsamehr, M., Perera, U.S., Dodanwala, T.C., Perera, P. and Ruparathna, R., 2022. A review of construction management challenges and BIM-based solutions: perspectives from the schedule, cost, quality, and safety management. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, pp.1-37.
  • Pesotskaya, E., Selyutina, L. and Egorova, L., 2019, December. Actual aspects of modeling method application in organization of construction management. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 687, No. 4, p. 044005). IOP Publishing.
  • Prayogo, D., Cheng, M.Y., Wu, Y.W., Redi, A.P., Yu, V.F., Persada, S.F. and Nadlifatin, R., 2020. A novel hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for optimization of construction management site layout planning. Algorithms13(5), p.117.
  • Rudeli, N., Viles, E. and Santilli, A., 2018. A Construction Management Tool: Determining a Project Schedule Typical Behaviors Using Cluster Analysis.
  • Tayeh, R., Bademosi, F. and Issa, R.R.A., 2019. Implementing collaborative learning platforms in construction management education. In ISARC. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (Vol. 36, pp. 1114-1120). IAARC Publications.
  • Webber, R. and Ruge, G., 2019. ARE CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS PRACTISING A PROFESSION, OCCUPATION OR TRADE?. 43RD AUBEA, p.255.
  • Xu, H., Chang, R., Pan, M., Li, H., Liu, S., Webber, R.J., Zuo, J. and Dong, N., 2022. Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Construction Management: A Scientometric Review. Buildings12(7), p.952.
  • Yang, B., Dong, M., Wang, C., Liu, B., Wang, Z. and Zhang, B., 2021. IFC-based 4D construction management information model of prefabricated buildings and its application in graph database. Applied Sciences11(16), p.7270.
  • Zeng, N., Liu, Y., Gong, P., Hertogh, M. and König, M., 2021. Do right PLS and do PLS right: A critical review of the application of PLS-SEM in construction management research. Frontiers of Engineering Management8(3), pp.356-369.
  • Zhang, J., Xie, H. and Li, H., 2019. Improvement of students problem-solving skills through project execution planning in civil engineering and construction management education. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
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